ECE researchers working in this area are making hardware and software work better as an integrated system, giving computer systems better performance and security. Applications of this work are widespread, improving the computers embedded in cars, dishwashers, hearing aids, pacemakers, and consumer electronics. With billions of devices now connected to the internet and each other through the Internet of Things (IoT), a central focus of this research area is designing low-power and high-security embedded computers that are protected against cyber-attacks.